Care of the Surgical Patient Practice Test

The symptoms of sudden chest pain, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and tachycardia (increased heart rate) in a postoperative patient strongly indicate the presence of a pulmonary embolus. A pulmonary embolus occurs when a blood clot, often originating from the deep veins in the legs, travels to the lungs and obstructs a pulmonary artery. This sudden blockage leads to reduced blood flow in the lungs, which can cause significant respiratory distress and cardiovascular changes.

In the context of a postoperative patient, risk factors such as immobility, dehydration, and vascular injury during surgery may increase the likelihood of clot formation. The presentation of acute chest pain is often sharp and can be pleuritic in nature, while the dyspnea indicates that the patient is struggling to breathe adequately. Tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism in response to hypoxia and reduced cardiac output due to the impaired blood flow to the lungs.

Understanding these cardinal signs is crucial for timely recognition and management of a pulmonary embolus, which is a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt treatment. Recognizing this condition quickly can lead to interventions such as anticoagulation or thrombolysis, improving patient outcomes.