Why are serum potassium levels checked prior to surgery?

Serum potassium levels are checked prior to surgery primarily to prevent arrhythmias related to anesthesia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal electrical activity in the heart. Abnormal potassium levels, whether elevated (hyperkalemia) or low (hypokalemia), can increase the risk of cardiac complications during and after surgery, particularly in individuals who may have pre-existing cardiovascular issues.

Anesthetics and certain surgical procedures can affect heart rhythm and function, so it is essential to ensure that potassium levels are within a safe range before administering anesthesia. This precaution helps reduce the risk of dangerous arrhythmias that can arise from imbalances in electrolytes, ensuring a safer surgical experience for the patient.

While assessing kidney function, determining respiratory insufficiency, and measuring functional liver capability are important aspects of preoperative evaluation, these are not the primary reasons for checking potassium levels specifically.